THE USE OF ORAL ANTISEPTIC TO PREVENT VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA (VAP) IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Mareta Dea Rosaline^a, Diah Tika Anggraeni^b,,Shanti Herlina^c

^a,b,cFaculty of Health Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta

maretarosaline@upnvj.ac.id

ABSTRACT

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of hospital-acquired pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours in patients with mechanical ventilation. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) which increases the length stay of hospitalization, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality among mechanically ventilated patients in critical care. Oral care would not only improve patients’ oral health and well-being, but it can also reduce the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Oral antiseptics that are widely mentioned in the literature are chlorhexidine, listerin, povidone-iodine, sodium bicarbonate, normal saline, and sterile water. This study aimed to summarize and critically analyze the findings of research studies that focus on the most effective antiseptic oral to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods: Several online bibliographical databases were searched, including Proquest, PubMed, Science Direct, Springerlink in the range 2009-2018. Results: There were 15 articles releveant for review about oral antiseptic used for oral hygiene of critically ill patients in the ICU. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% and 0,12% were more effective oral antiseptic than listerin, povidone-iodine 1%, sodium bicarbonate, normal saline, and sterile water to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients.

Keywords: intensive care unit;mechanical ventilation; oral antiseptic; oral care;

ventilator-associated pneumonia